Monday, May 21, 2012

Materials Used in Bicycle

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Saturday, May 19, 2012

GATE 2013 Syllabus - Production and Industrial Engineering



Linear Algebra:

Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.

Calculus:

Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.

Differential equations:

First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.

Complex variables:

Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Taylor and Laurent series.

Probability and Statistics:

Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions.

Numerical Methods:

Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

General Engineering

Engineering Materials:

Structure and properties of engineering materials and their applications; effect of strain, strain rate and temperature on mechanical properties of metals and alloys; heat treatment of metals and alloys, its influence on mechanical properties.

Applied Mechanics:

Engineering mechanics - equivalent force systems, free body concepts, equations of equilibrium; strength of materials - stress, strain and their relationship, Mohr's circle, deflection of beams, bending and shear stress, Euler's theory of columns.

Theory of Machines and Design:

Analysis of planar mechanisms, cams and followers; governers and fly wheels; design of elements - failure theories; design of bolted, riveted and welded joints; design of shafts, keys, spur gears, belt drives, brakes and clutches.

Thermal Engineering:

Fluid mechanics - fluid statics, Bernoulli's equation, flow through pipes, equations of continuity and momentum; thermodynamics - zeroth, first and second law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic system and processes, calculation of work and heat for systems and control volumes; air standard cycles; basics of internal combustion engines and steam turbines; heat transfer - fundamentals of conduction, convection and radiation, heat exchangers.

Production Engineering

Metal Casting:

Casting processes - types and applications; patterns - types and materials; allowances; moulds and cores - materials, making, and testing; casting techniques of cast iron, steels and nonferrous metals and alloys; solidification; design of casting, gating and risering; casting inspection, defects and remedies.

Metal Forming:

Stress-strain relations in elastic and plastic deformation; concept of flow stress, deformation mechanisms; hot and cold working - forging, rolling, extrusion, wire and tube drawing; sheet metal working processes such as blanking, piercing, bending, deep drawing, coining and embossing; analysis of rolling, forging, extrusion and wire /rod drawing; metal working defects.

Metal Joining Processes:

Welding processes - manual metal arc, MIG, TIG, plasma arc, submerged arc, electroslag, thermit, resistance, forge, friction, and explosive welding;other joining processes - soldering, brazing, braze welding; inspection of welded joints, defects and remedies; introduction to advanced welding processes - ultrasonic, electron beam, laser beam; thermal cutting.

Machining and Machine Tool Operations:

Basic machine tools; machining processes-turning, drilling, boring, milling, shaping, planing, gear cutting, thread production, broaching, grinding, lapping, honing, super finishing; mechanics of machining - geometry of cutting tools, chip formation, cutting forces and power requirements, Merchant's analysis; selection of machining parameters; tool materials, tool wear and tool life, economics of machining, thermal aspects of machining, cutting fluids, machinability; principles and applications of nontraditional machining processes - USM, AJM, WJM, EDM and Wire cut EDM, LBM, EBM, PAM, CHM, ECM.

Tool Engineering:

Jigs and fixtures - principles, applications, and design; press tools - configuration, design of die and punch; principles of forging die design.

Metrology and Inspection:

Limits, fits, and tolerances, interchangeability, selective assembly; linear and angular measurements by mechanical and optical methods, comparators; design of limit gauges; interferometry; measurement of straightness, flatness, roundness, squareness and symmetry; surface finish measurement; inspection of screw threads and gears; alignment testing of machine tools.

Powder Metallurgy:

Production of metal powders, compaction and sintering.

Polymers and Composites:

Introduction to polymers and composites; plastic processing - injection, compression and blow molding, extrusion, calendaring and thermoforming; molding of composites.

Manufacturing Analysis:

Sources of errors in manufacturing; process capability; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly; process planning; parameter selection and comparison of production alternatives; time and cost analysis; manufacturing technologies - strategies and selection.

Computer Integrated Manufacturing:

Basic concepts of CAD, CAM, CAPP, cellular manufacturing, NC, CNC, DNC, Robotics, FMS, and CIM.

Industrial Engineering

Product Design and Development:

Principles of good product design, tolerance design; quality and cost considerations; product life cycle; standardization, simplification, diversification, value engineering and analysis, concurrent engineering.

Engineering Economy and Costing:

Elementary cost accounting and methods of depreciation; break-even analysis, techniques for evaluation of capital investments, financial statements.

Work System Design:

Taylor's scientific management, Gilbreths's contributions; productivity - concepts and measurements; method study, micro-motion study, principles of motion economy; work measurement - stop watch time study, work sampling, standard data, PMTS; ergonomics; job evaluation, merit rating, incentive schemes, and wage administration; business process reengineering.

Facility Design:

Facility location factors and evaluation of alternate locations; types of plant layout and their evaluation; computer aided layout design techniques; assembly line balancing; materials handling systems.

Production Planning and Inventory Control:

Forecasting techniques - causal and time series models, moving average, exponential smoothing, trend and seasonality; aggregate production planning; master production scheduling; MRP and MRP-II; order control and flow control; routing, scheduling and priority dispatching; push and pull production systems, concept of JIT manufacturing system; logistics, distribution, and supply chain management; Inventory - functions, costs, classifications, deterministic and probabilistic inventory models, quantity discount; perpetual and periodic inventory control systems.

Operations Research:

Linear programming - problem formulation, simplex method, duality and sensitivity analysis; transportation and assignment models; network flow models, constrained optimization and Lagrange multipliers; simple queuing models; dynamic programming; simulation - manufacturing applications; PERT and CPM, time-cost trade-off, resource leveling.

Quality Management:

Quality - concept and costs, quality circles, quality assurance; statistical quality control, acceptance sampling, zero defects, six sigma; total quality management; ISO 9000; design of experiments - Taguchi method.

Reliability and Maintenance:

Reliability, availability and maintainability; distribution of failure and repair times; determination of MTBF and MTTR, reliability models; system reliability determination; preventive maintenance and replacement, total productive maintenance - concept and applications.

Management Information System:

Value of information; information storage and retrieval system - database and data structures; knowledge based systems.

Intellectual Property System:

Definition of intellectual property, importance of IPR; TRIPS and its implications, patent, copyright, industrial design and trademark.
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Wednesday, May 16, 2012

Kinematic Models for Design - Digital Library at Cornell University College of Engineering



http://kmoddl.library.cornell.edu/

Online Books on Kinematics
http://kmoddl.library.cornell.edu/bib.php?sort=author&type=1

Visit the library to see various mechanisms and understand the development of the subject over time

A bachelor's report on novel mechanisms for Undergraduate teaching of theory of machines course
http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/52811/...?sequence=1
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Monday, May 14, 2012

Turning and Lathes - Chapter Contents

Turning and Lathes

Turning and Lathes

Chapter of Production Technology - Knol Book of Readings

Authors

New Articles Added



Collected Knols

New links to be added. Old may not work as Knol is closed

Comments

Short urls

http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/2utb2lsm2k7a/3219
Narayana Rao - 06 Feb 2011
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Saturday, May 12, 2012

KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY - JNTU Hyderabad Syllabus


JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
HYDERABAD

KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY
UNIT – I
MECHANISMS : Elements or Links – Classification – Rigid Link, flexible and fluid link – Types of
kinematic pairs – sliding, turning, rolling, screw and spherical pairs – lower and higher pairs – closed and
open pairs – constrained motion – completely, partially or successfully constrained and incompletely
constrained .
MACHINES : Mechanism and machines – classification of machines – kinematic chain – inversion of
mechanism – inversion of mechanism – inversions of quadric cycle, chain – single and double slider crank
chains.
UNIT - II
STRAIGHT LINE MOTION MECHANISMS : Exact and approximate copiers and generated types –
Peaucellier, Hart and Scott Russul – Grasshopper – Watt T. Chebicheff and Robert Mechanisms and
straight line motion, Pantograph.
UNIT – III
KINEMATICS : Velocity and acceleration – Motion of link in machine – Determination of Velocity and
acceleration diagrams – Graphical method – Application of relative velocity method four bar chain.
Analysis of Mechanisms : Analysis of slider crank chain for displacement , velocity and acceleration of
slider – Acceleration diagram for a given mechanism, Kleins construction, Coriolis acceleration,
determination of Coriolis component of acceleration.
Plane motion of body : Instantaneous center of rotation, centroids and axodes – relative motion between
two bodies – Three centres in line theorem – Graphical determination of instantaneous centre, diagrams for
simple mechanisms and determination of angular velocity of points and links.
UNIT – IV
STEERING Mechanisms : Conditions for correct steering – Davis Steering gear, Ackermans steering
gear – velocity ratio.
HOOKE’S JOINT : Single and double Hooke’s joint – Universial coupling – application – problems.
UNIT – V
CAMS : Definitions of cam and followers – their uses – Types of followers and cams – Terminology –
Types of follower motion - Uniform velocity – Simple harmonic motion and uniform acceleration. Maximum
velocity and maximum acceleration during outward and return strokes in the above 3 cases.
Analysis of motion of followers : Roller follower – circular cam with straight, concave and convex
flanks.
UNIT – VI
Higher pairs, friction wheels and toothed gears – types – law of gearing, condition for constant velocity ratio
for transmission of motion, Form of teeth: cycloidal and involute profiles. Velocity of sliding – phenomena
of interferences – Methods of interference.
Condition for minimum number of teeth to avoid interference, expressions for arc of contact and path of
contact – Introduction to Helical, Bevel and worm gearing.
UNIT – VII
Belt Rope and Chain Drives : Introduction, Belt and rope drives, selection of belt drive- types of belt
drives,V-belts, materials used for belt and rope drives, velocity ratio of belt drives, slip of belt, creep of belt,
tensions for flat belt drive, angle of contact, centrifugal tension, maximum tension of belt, Chains- length,
angular speed ratio, classification of chains.
UNIT – VIII
GEAR TRAINS: Introduction – Train value – Types – Simple and reverted wheel train – Epicyclic gear
Train. Methods of finding train value or velocity ratio – Epicyclic gear trains.
Selection of gear box-Differential gear for an automobile.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms-S.S.Rattan, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers
2. Theory of Machines R.S Khurmi & J.K Gupta

2007-08
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DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY - JNTU Anantapur Syllabus



JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
B.Tech. III-I Sem (M.E)                          (9A03502) DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY
UNIT – I
PRECESSION: Gyroscopes, effect of precession motion on the stability of moving vehicles such as motor car, motor cycle, aero
planes and ships.
UNIT – II
FRICTION: Inclined plane, friction of screw and nuts, pivot and collar, uniform pressure, uniform wear, Friction circle and friction
axis : lubricated surfaces, boundary friction, film lubrication.
UNIT –III
CLUTCHES: Friction clutches- Single Disc or plate clutch, Multiple Disc Clutch, Cone Clutch, Centrifugal Clutch.
BRAKES AND DYNAMOMETERS:  Simple block brakes, internal expanding brake, band brake of vehicle. Dynamometers  –
absorption and transmission types. General description and methods of Operation.
UNIT – IV
TURNING MOMENT DIAGRAM AND FLY WHEELS: Turning moment diagrams for steam engine, I.C. Engine and multi cylinder
engine.  Crank effort - coefficient of Fluctuation of energy, coefficient of Fluctuation of speed – Fly wheels and their design.
UNIT-V
GOVERNORS: Watt, Porter and Proell governors. Spring loaded governors  – Hartnell and Hartung  governors with auxiliary
springs. Sensitiveness, isochronism and hunting –effort and power of a governor.
UNIT – VI
BALANCING: Balancing of rotating masses - single and multiple – single and different planes.
UNIT –VII
BALANCING OF RECIPROCATING MASSES:  Primary, Secondary and higher balancing of reciprocating masses. Analytical
and graphical methods. Unbalanced forces and couples – V, multi cylinder, in -line and radial engines for primary and secondary
balancing, locomotive balancing – Hammer blow, Swaying couple, variation of tractive force.
UNIT – VIII
VIBRATION: Free Vibration of mass attached to vertical spring – oscillation of pendulums, centers of oscillation and suspension.
Transverse loads, vibrations of beams with concentrated and distributed loads. Dunkerly’s method, Raleigh’s method. Whirling of
shafts, critical speeds, torsional vibrations, two and three rotor systems. Simple problems on forced, damped vibration, Vibration
Isolation & Transmissibility
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Thoery of Machines, S.S Ratan, MGH
2. Theory of machines, Khurmi, S.Chand.
REFERENCES :
1. Mechanism and Machine Theory, JS Rao and RV Dukkipati, New Age Publ.
2. Dynamics of Machinery, Ballaney, Dhanpat Rai
3. Theory of Machines, Thomas Bevan, CBS Publishers
4. Theory of Machines, Jagadish Lal & J.M.Shah, Metropolitan.


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Steering Gears - Theory of Machines Chapter


Davis mechanism
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Ackerman mechanism
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____________ ____________
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