Sunday, June 21, 2015

Pulverized Coal Boiler Design - Patents





2013
Dense-phase swirl pulverized coal burner
EP 2597367 A1
Shanghai Boiler Works, Ltd.
https://www.google.co.in/patents/EP2597367A1

2012
Compact pulverized coal burner
US 8196531 B2
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
https://www.google.co.in/patents/US8196531

2010
Pulverized coal burner
US 20100058961 A1
Slagging is prevented from occurring in a pulverized coal burner.
Ihi Corporation
https://www.google.co.in/patents/US20100058961


Sunday, June 14, 2015

Product Design Methods and Practices - Henry W. Stoll - Book Information

Product Design Methods and Practices

Henry W. Stoll
CRC Press, Jun 1, 1999 - 400 pages


"Focuses on functional, aesthetically pleasing, mechanically reliable, and easily made products that improve profitability for manufacturers and provide long-term satisfaction for customers. Offers concrete, practical insight immediately applicable to new product design and development projects."


https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mbtkxzX1wUMC


Table of Contents

Considerations of good design: the product design environment; design for profitability; improving early design decisions; principles of good design; total cost reduction; design process improvement.

Conceptual design: customer focused concept design; the rational building block method; formal concept selection methods; model-driven design.

Design for efficient manufacture: process-driven design; part elimination strategies; assembly design; tolerance design; component design; manufacturability improvement method. total cost reduction: elimination and simplification strategies; standardization and rationalization; internal standard components.

Design for quality: design improvement methods; failure mode and effects analysis; design review checklist; references.

https://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780824775650

Thursday, June 11, 2015

Ultra-Supercritical Coal Power Plants: Materials, Technologies and Optimisation - Dongke Zhang - Book Information 2013




Ultra-Supercritical Coal Power Plants
Materials, Technologies and Optimisation

Edited by Dongke Zhang


Contents
Introduction to advanced and ultra-supercritical fossil fuel power plants.

Part 1
Operating environments, materials and engineering of ultra-supercritical coal power plants;
Impacts of steam conditions on plant materials and operation in ultra-supercritical coal power plants; Fuel considerations and burner design for ultra-supercritical power plants;
Materials for boilers operating under supercritical steam conditions;
Boiler design for ultra-supercritical coal power plants.

Part 2
Improving ultra-supercritical coal power plant performance:
Ash fouling, deposition and slagging in ultra-supercritical coal power plants;
Emissions from ultra-supercritical power plants and pollution control measures;
Estimation, management and extension of the life of ultra-supercritical power plants;
An economic and engineering analysis of a 700°C advanced ultra-supercritical pulverized coal power plant;
CO2 capture-ready ultra-supercritical coal power plants.

http://www.elsevier.com/books/ultra-supercritical-coal-power-plants/zhang-ftse/978-0-85709-116-1

Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustion (CFBC)


2013

Circulating fluidised bed combustion (CFBC) is a more recent boiler technology whose higher tolerance to fuel quality has favoured niche application in small-scale and industrial
power generation, often firing unconventional fuels such as waste coal and biomass.

The technology has attained status as a ‘cleaner’ coal technology due to more easily controllable
NOx and SOx emissions, use of CFBC at the utility scale has long been restricted by smaller boiler sizes and lower efficiencies than PCC (Pulverised coal combustion).

However, scale-up and optimisation over the last ten years have allowed CFB boilers to benefit
from economies of scale and begin to provide a viable alternative to PCC for utility power generation. The successful operation of the first supercritical CFB boiler at Lagisza power plant in Poland has proven this technology for utilities. In China,  300 MW subcritical CFB boilers have
managed to capture around 10% of the country’s rapidly growing coal capacity. Recently,
the world’s largest supercritical CFBC unit at 600 MW was commissioned.
The  ongoing construction of a multiple unit 4400 MW CFBC plant in South Korea is further evidence that this technology is becoming more viable.


http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/documents/83231/8837/Techno-economic-analysis-of-PC-versus-CFB-combustion-technology,-CCC/226

Wednesday, June 10, 2015

Steam Generators - Chapter 10



Components

Design Criteria

Boiler types

Representative firetube boilers

Representative water-tube boilers

Water walls

Boiler installation

Furnace

Superheat

Boiler accessories and trim

Combustion equipment

Spreader stoker

Conveyor stoker

Underfeed stoker

Coal burners

Gas and oil burners

Operation and performance

Heat balance of a steam generator



Some important points under development


Components

Design Criteria

Boiler types

Representative firetube boilers

Representative water-tube boilers

Water walls

Boiler installation

Furnace


Furnace Heat Release Rates


Many types of furnace walls are in use;

1. Solid masonry

2. Air cooled masonry walls

3. Partially water cooled walls

4. Water jacketed furnace


Materials chiefly used are fire clay, silica, kaolin, diaspore, alumina, and certain products of the electric furnace.

Fire clay bricks are preferred because of their low cost whenever they give satisfactory results.

Ordinarily optical thermometers used with furnaces give wall temperatures.

Superheat

Boiler accessories and trim

Combustion equipment



Spreader stoker

Conveyor stoker

Underfeed stoker

Coal burners

Functions of a burner

1. There is stability of ignition.
2. 2. Effective adjustment for control of point of ignition and resulting flame shape.
3. Complete combustion
4. Heat unformly developed in flame
5. Adequate protection against overheating, internal fires, and excessive abrasive wear.


Pulverised coal burners are classified as long-flame, short-flame (or turbulent), and tangential burners.


Cyclone burner

Gas and oil burners

Operation and performance

Operation of the boiler consists in ascertaining that equipment is following the load and functioning normally, but also in making secondary adjustments which refine the thermal efficiency beyond the normal abilities of the usual complement of automatic equipment. Automatic equipment must be watched through instruments for periodic inspections, load shifts between multiple units made, critical points for  pressure, temperature, etc., inspected from time to time and other precautionary actions taken.

In most plants, especially, central stations, part of the supervision is "taking log", ie the record of flows, pressures, material quantities, and other physical data. These are supplemented by samples of coal, water, etc., for testing in the plant laboratory. Performance of the plant as a whole, or parts of it are computed at intervals from such data. Then there is always a certain amount of maintenance and repair. In larger installations, there are specialized groups such as operations, tests, plant improvement, maintenance, repair etc.


Heat balance of a steam generator

Tuesday, June 9, 2015

Energy Flow in the Steam Power Plant - Chapter 9




Production of heat energy

Heat flow

Conduction


Surface convection

Radiation

Vapour Cycles for Steam Power Plants - Chapter 8



Rankine Cycle

Regenerative cycle

Heat balance

Reheating cycle

Fuels and Combustion - Chapter 5




Coal

Fuel Tests for heating value

Proximate analysis

Ash and refuse analysis

Combustion

Illustrative examples in combustion

Approximations and short cuts

The Power Plant Building - Chapter 4



General Design

Materials

Power Plant Economics - Chapter 3



Effect of plant type on costs

Depreciation and replacements

The Variable Load Problem in Power Plants - Chapter 2




Ideal and realized load curves

Effect of variable load on power plant design

Power Plant Engineering - Introduction - Chapter 1





Based on Frederick Morse

Energy and Power

Drawings, specifications and correspondence